(1)外文名称: Haikou City (Hainan)
    (2)中文名称: 海口市（海南省）
    (3)内容:
                          Haikou City
                         Geographic Outline
    Situated on the northern tip of the Hainan Island, the city of Haikou faces the continent across the 18-kilometer-wide Qiongzhou Straits.
    Haikou has a total area of 237 square kilometers, of which 40 square kilometers are urban.  It has under its jurisdiction three districts of Xiuying, Zhendong and Xinhua.  It has a permanent residential population of 580,000 and a migrant population of 150,000.
                            Resources
    Haikou is rich in natural and human resources.  It has long beaches, seaside swimming grounds, excellent sampan racing grounds and well-preserved volcanic remains.
    Historical and cultural sites in the area include the Wugong shrine, the Hai Rui Tomb, the Qiongtai Academy and the Xiuying Battery.  It also has marine forest of mangroves and abundant hot spring water.
    Surrounded by sea on three sides, Haikou is a city with uncontaminated ecological environment. It is also noted as "a coconut city" or "a pearl on the treasure island" for its graceful coconut palms and fascinating sea scenery.
    Haikou also abounds in natural resources. It is major producer of natural rubber, crystal, quartz, sapphire and ilmenite in China. On its outskirts, there are deposits of freshwater sands, volcanic stones, granite and coral. The South China Sea is a rich fishing ground.  Convenient transportation links the city to the sites of all these rich resources, laying a foundation for industrial development.
                          History
    Haikou is an ancient city. During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Haikou was a port of the prefectural city of Qiongzhou and became a communications hub between the Hainan Island and the mainland.  The place was called Haikoupu during the early years of the Song Dynasty (906-1279), and Haikoudu during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). It became a trade port, the south gate to China and a major link between China and the outside world.
     It was called Haikou town during the early years of the Republic of China (1912-1949) and became a city in 1926.  On June 1, 1950, the Haikou City Government was established.  It became the provincial capital when Hainan province was established in 1988.
                       Economic Achievements
    The past eight years since Hainan became a province have been the most brilliant period in Haikou's development history.  In 1992, Haikou became one of China's 50 strongest cities in terms of overall economic strength and one of China's 40 best cities in terms of investment environment.  It has also been one of China's outstanding cities in terms of environmental harnessing, one of China's best cities, one of China's cleanest cities and one of China's model cities in "double support" (mutual support between the army and civilians).
    During the 1988-1995 period, its gross domestic product grew at an annual rate of 23%, its retail sales, at an annual rate of 31.8%, fiscal revenue, at an annual rate of 45.1%, foreign trade, at an annual rate of 26.1%, and capital investment, at an annual rate of 40.2%. All principal indicators of economic and social development maintained a fast-growing momentum.
                            Industry
     Haikou' industrial sector consists of rubber products, chemical fiber textiles, food and beverage, machinery, chemicals, building materials, medicine, plastics, tannery and the light industry.
    Haikou has established a group of backbone enterprises such as those producing the "Coconut" brand beverages, the "Mazda" brand cars, the "Mulan" brand motorcycles, color television sets, polyamide fiber and polyester fiber.  In all, its 300 key industrial enterprises are turning out about 450 varieties of products that are selling well not only in various parts of China but also in more than 50 countries in Southeast Asia, Europe and America.
                            Agriculture
    Agricultural development is modeling the suburban pattern of cities. Haikou has been adjusting the structure of agricultural production, expanding the acreage of cash crops, pursuing the strategy of basing agricultural prosperity on scientific advance and building the production centers of vegetables and other non-staple food. As a result, there has been a substantial increase in the output of main crops and cash crops, which are more than enough to meet the needs of urban residents for meat, poultry, eggs and aquatic products.
                        Exports
    Attracting domestic resources and foreign capital has yielded tangible fruit in developing an export-oriented economy.  In the past eight years, Haikou has launched 4,500 foreign-funded projects and set up 5,400 foreign-funded enterprises, with a total actual investment of 3.076 billion U.S. dollars.  In the meantime, other province-level areas in China have established 1,130 offices in Haikou and invested in 5,800 projects, with a total investment of 22.5 billion yuan.  In 1995, Haikou's foreign trade totaled 1.259 billion U.S. dollars.
                    Telecommunications and Transport
   Haikou has also worked hard to improve investment environment. Over the past eight years, investment in urban infrastructure reached 12.6 billion yuan.  Today, Haikou ranks among China's advanced cities in posts and telecommunications. Telephone availability has increased from 1.9% to 42.5%.  Power generating capacity rose from t350,000 kw in 1987 to 1 million kw.  Urban transportation is convenient, with three main highways radiating from Haikou in the east, central and west to the entire island.
   Haikou has also built or expanded 96 major urban roads, large urban interchanges and 19 overpasses. The newly built Qingling Road, the expanded Western Haiyu Road, the Industrial Road and the Shugang Road have become the main frame of an urban road network.
   The Haikou Airport has opened more than 40 air routes and can accommodate large passenger airliners.  With 300 regular flights a week, Haikou has become one of China's 10 largest airports.  The port now can handle 11.22 million tons of cargo a year, as compared only 3.32 million tons eight years ago when the province was established.  The port has 4 wharves for 10,000-dwt ships, 2 wharves for 5000-dwt ships and 24 wharves for ships below 3,000 dwt.
   Direct freight shipping service links the city to all major Chinese ports, while passenger shipping can reach Guangzhou, Shantou, Beihai, Zhanjiang, Hong Kong and Singapore.  Trees and grass cover 37.7% of the urban area, or 8.3 square meters per person.  The investment environment is improving steadily.
                       Prospective
    Haikou has 12 development zones, with the high-tech industry park and the farming experiment development zone progressing smoothly.  The 1.53-square-kilometer bonded zone, which began operating in April 1993, incorporates industry, finance, transit trade and storage.  So far, 193 enterprises have been established in the bonded area, with a total investment of 2.3 billion yuan.
    Haikou has entered a historical period of fast growth and is considered a favorite place for both Chinese and foreign investors.