(1)外文名称: Shenyang City
    (2)中文名称: 沈阳市
    (3)内容:
                        Shenyang City
   Situated in central Liaoning Province, Shenyang City is the center of the economic zone in Northeast China and an old heavy- industrial base in China. It covers an area of 12,980 sq km and has a population of 6.71 million. It has one city, nine districts and three counties under its jurisdiction. The surrounding terrain is flat. Affected by monsoon, its climate is humid and semi-humid continental, with four distinctive seasons in a year. The annual average temperature is 8°C.
   The surrounding areas 100 km from Shenyang, are dotted with cities: Tielin, a city of coal and grain; Fushun, a city of coal;
Anshan, a city of steel; Benxi, a city of coal and iron; Liaoyang, a city of chemical fabrics; Panjing, a city of petrochemicals; and Yinkou, a harbor city. These cities are networked with highways leading to Shenyang, which forms an economic zone with a cluster of cities in central Liaoning Province, with Shenyang at its core. The economic zone is known both at home and abroad for its natural resources and its economic foundation.
   Known as "the home of machinery", Shenyang has been the nation's base of the heavy industry in machinery equipment manufacturing since the founding of New China. A modern comprehensive industrial system has been introduced, after the development of more than 40 years, in machinery equipment manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, medicines, chemicals, and electronics information.
   In machinery manufacturing, it is better known for electricity transfer and transforming equipment, machine tools, general machinery and heavy mining equipment, and light automobile manufacturing. Pharmaceutical products include vitamins, cynnematins, and "Shenyang Red Medicine". The chemical industry has a whole range including petroleum, chemical engineering, chlorinate alkalinity and rubber products.
   The electronic information industry has developed high technology products such as printers, industrial controlling machines, bar codes, computer software, small-sized stored program-controlled telephone switchboards, and intelligent instruments.
   By the end of 1990s, Shenyang had grown into one of the main light automobile bases in China. It has over 120 automobile-related firms, with an annual production capacity of 86,000 units. Light trucks, large and medium-sized passenger automobiles, and automobile engines have been its main products. The sales of the Shenyang Jinbei Automobile Company attached to the No.1 Automobile Manufacturing Group has accounted for over 90 percent of the city's total. And its marketing-sharing rate of the light passenger automobile has reached 16.6 percent.
   The city has forged cooperation with 20 of the top 500 automobile manufacturers in the world, including the General motors, Mitsubishi, and Toyota, and has tried to improve the products' quality by importing high technology and key machinery.
   With a favorable location, Shenyang is also the largest exchange center of capital, foreign funding, information and human resources in Northeast China. The annual output of the tertiary industry is more than 49% of its GDP. Commodity distribution is well developed in Shenyang. Shenyang has 535 markets of different types. Four of them are whole sale markets at the national level (there are only 8 of its kind in the country).
   In addition, there are 56 markets of materials, and special markets in Shenyang, with an annual turnover of 12 billion yuan. They deal in steel, timber, coal, nonferrous metals, machinery and chemical engineering.
   Commercial markets include the Wu'ai Market, China Shoe Market and other markets of vegetables, fruits, detergents and cosmetics.
   Given the full-fledged urban functions and advancement of urban infrastructure Shenyang is the transportation and communications pivot, which is connected to Northeast China and areas south of the Great Wall. The Shenyang Taoyuan Airport, the biggest in the Northeast region and the state approved international airport, has opened more than 40 international and domestic routes which fly directly to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Russia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, etc.
   Being the biggest railway hub in Northeast China, Shenyang is a strategic passage. Six rail arteries link Shenyang to places in all directions, and off direct linkage to Mongolia, D.P.R.K and Russia.
   Five national highways and six provincial highways run through Shenyang. The 375-km Shenyang-Dalian Expressway is nicknamed "the first highway in China". With one ring and four mediating routes as the frame of its expressways, Shenyang has built up a high-grade and intensive highway network, which is composed of national and provincial arteries, and county and town-ship basic highways. With its well-developed post and telecommunications infrastructure, Shenyang is the center of communications and information exchanges.
   Shenyang now has two national-level development zones: the
Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, and the
Shenyang New and High Technological Industrial Development Zone, with its economic index and compressive strength ranking among the top 53 national-level scientific and technological development zones in the country.
   Shenyang has become a base of developing new and high-tech industries in the Liaoshen area and with its window open wide to the outside world.